Umayyad, al-Walid I, pale gold solidus, SPN (Spania/al-Andalus) mint, Indiction year XI (11), AH 93-95 (711-714 CE), Arab-Latin/Arab-Byzantine series

Umayyad: al-Walid I (705-715), pale gold solidus (2.98g), SPN (Spania/al-Andalus) mint, Indiction year XI (11), AH 93-95 (711-714 CE). Arab-Latin/Arab-Byzantine series. This numismatic rarity marks a pivotal moment in the transformation of the monetary system in the Iberian Peninsula following the commencement of the Umayyad conquest in AH 92. It represents the earliest type of Islamic coinage issued in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain), dating from AH 93 to 95. The legends on both the obverse and reverse are rendered entirely in Latin script, reflecting the continued use of existing local conventions. Arabic inscriptions did not appear on the coinage of al-Andalus until the emergence of a new type in AH 98. These pre-reform types were eventually replaced by the post-reform dinars introduced in AH 102, characterized by inscriptions rendered entirely in the Arabic script.