Sicily: Robert Guiscard (1059-1085), gold tari (0.90g), Siqiliya (Sicily) mint, 1059-1085 CE. "la ilaha illallah muhammadun rasulullah" (there is no god except Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah) in obverse center, around it "muhammadun rasulullah arsalahu bi'l-huda wa dini'l-haqqi liyuthhirahu 'aladdini kullih" (Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, whom He sent with guidance and the religion of truth to proclaim it over all religion) / "bi-amr ubirt al-duqa al-ajal malik siqiliya" (by the order of Robert, the noble Duke, the King of Sicily) in reverse center, mint and date in Arabic around. Extremely fine. Robert Guiscard was a Norman leader who took part in conquering Sicily from its Arab rulers. Instead of replacing the Islamic and Arab influences in Sicily, the Normans adopted aspects of Arab culture in governance and society, even retaining Arabic script in official use. This remarkable coin is inscribed entirely in Arabic, likely crafted by Arab die-engravers, and contains Islamic declarations of faith.